ॐ Hindu Of Universe ॐ
“God’s light is within you, It never leaves you.”
Kali
Kali is a ferocious form of the Divine Mother, who sent her Shakti, the Mother Gauri, to free the gods from the dominion of the demonic forces Shumbh and Nishumbh. Kali is the goddess of time and of the transformation that is death. Kali also is the Kundalini energy that paralyses the attachments produced by the solar and lunar currents (both demons).
The Hindu goddess Kali is the first of the ten Mahavidyas – the others are Tara, Shodashi, Bhuvaneshwari, Bhairavi, Chinnamasta and Dhumavati, Matangi, Kamala and Bagla Mukhi. Therefore Kali is also known as Adya, the firstborn. In the ignorant ones she creates fear, while for others Kali removes the fear of death.
History of Kali Maa
Ever wondered about the identity of the wild dark goddess of Hindu culture? Here are the details of everything about ‘the dark-hued one’.
Who is Kali Maa?
Kali, also called Kalika and Kaalratri, is a Hindu Goddess that is the formidable and vicious form of Shakti (also known as Goddess Parvati, the consort of Shiva). She is the chief of the Maha Vidyas, a group of 10 Tantric Goddesses who each form a different aspect of Parvati/ Shakti. She is also regarded as the Goddess of Time, Destruction, and Power, one who protects the innocent and destroys the evil fiercely.
She is mostly portrayed in 2 forms- the usual 4-armed Kali form and the 10- armed Maha Kali form. Her skin is black or deep dark blue, with her eyes red in intoxication and rage. Her hair is often depicted as curly and disheveled, with her tongue rolling out of her mouth, and sometimes, small fangs protrude from the corners of her mouth. She wears a skirt made of arms or a tiger skin cloth covering her body, with a garland of either skulls or red hibiscus flowers.
When she is shown standing on the prostrate body of Shiva, jackals and serpents accompany her, drinking the blood dripping from the cut head of Raktabij in her hand to avoid more clones popping up. Despite her brutal form, she is often considered to be one of the kindest Goddesses for her devotees and a fierce protector from all evil forces.
Meaning of Kali
The word Kālī has 2 meanings- one is the feminine form of time, with the word Kāla as the masculine noun, and by extension, this means ‘the changing aspect of nature that rotates the cycle of life & death.’ The 2nd meaning is a female who has a dark skin tone. The meanings of her other names are:
Kālarātri/ Kaalratri- the darkest black night
Kālikā/ Kalika- the dark-hued/ skinned one
Another thing to note is that the homonym Kāla can signify both the words ‘time’ & ‘black’. According to experts at Online Temple, the history of Kali Maa is also related to the Mahabharata, where a female figure is carrying away the spirits of slain warriors and animals.
She is called Kali Maa, the dark mother. Also, since Kāla is an aspect (another form) of Shiva, Kali is considered to be Shiva’s consort (being a form of Goddess Parvati.
Story of Kali Maa
In the sixth century Devi Mahatmyam, Kali is shown as Maha Kali in the 1st chapter. She is born from the sleeping body of God Vishnu as Goddess Yog Nidra, to wake him up to protect Brahma and the world from the 2 demons Madhu and Kaitabha. Once Vishnu woke up, he started a long war against those demons but they were still undefeated and gloating in their success. Seeing this, Maha Kali took the form of Maha Maya and went to enchant the 2 demons. When they were distracted by Maha Maya, Vishnu killed them instantly.
In the later chapters, Chand and Mund were 2 demons who attack Goddess Durga. Durga responds with such ferocity that Kali emerges from her forehead and kills them both. Here, Kali is described as having dark blue skin, a gaunt face with sunken eyes, and wearing a tiger skin cloth with a garland of skulls.
Later in the same battle, the demon Raktabij, whose generals were Chand and Mund, faces Kali in battle. Raktabij has a boon that every drop of his blood that touches the ground will produce another of his clone. Since Durga is unable to defeat Raktabij with countless of his clones, Kali sucks his blood out of his body and devours his clones to defeat them.
In Linga Puran, the history of Kali Maa begins with Shiva asking Parvati’s help in defeating the demon Daruka, who was granted the boon that only a female could kill him. Parvati creates her form of Kali and goes on to defeat Daruka and his enemies.
In both cases of Raktabij and Daruka, Kali is described as being drunk on bloodlust after defeating the enemies and her craving for bloodlust gets out of control. Shiva has to intervene by laying calm on the floor. When Kali is marching in anger, she accidentally lays a foot on Shiva and her tongue rolls out. She immediately calms down and merges with Durga/ Parvati again.
In another story, Shiva teases Parvati by calling her Kali (dark-skinned) after she participated in a war. Parvati is greatly offended and begins to perform austerity for ages until she loses her dark complexion, sheds it, and becomes Gauri, the golden-skinned goddess. Her shed dark sheath becomes Kaushiki, who when enraged becomes Kali.
Kali Puja Festival
Kali Puja festival is dedicated to Goddess Kali and celebrated especially in Indian regions of West Bengal, Odisha, and Assam. It is celebrated on the day of the new moon (Dipannita Amavasya) in the month of Kartik of the Hindu calendar. It starts after Diwali and goes on for 10 days. Since Goddess Kali is the chief of 10 Maha Vidyas, each of them has a day of incarnation before the Kali Puja.
In West Bengal, Kali Puja is celebrated with great energy, according to Online Temple experts. Lavish pandals with unique & dazzling lighting are built; clay statues and idols are handcrafted and decorated beautifully, & worship of Kali Maa is done in both homes and pandals.
In Brahman style worship, Kali Puja is done in the day, with offerings of red hibiscus flowers, and food and sweets made of lentils, rice, and fruits online temple services are held in this style of worship). In Tantric worship, ritual sacrifice of animals is offered (mostly goats), and devotees are said to be in meditation from night to dawn, usually in cremation grounds as it is said to be the abode of Kali Maa.
Kali Maa is offered a prasad of fruits, Khichuri/ Khichdi Bhog in Bengal with Niramish Mangsho (that is, mutton without onion or garlic), Fish Curry, Payesh (dessert), and Bhaja (deep-fried fritters). In some places, alcohol is also offered as a prasad.
Experienced pandits at Online Temple say that people visit the pandals throughout the night, and crowds increase at night as compared to the day. The puja is celebrated with astounding lights, light & sound shows, theater, magic shows, and fireworks.
With the incarnation of Maha Vidyas celebrated each day before Kali Puja and the incarnation of the last Maha Vidya, Kamalatmika, known as Kamalatmika Jayanti, falling on the day of Diwali, she is often considered as Tantric Lakshmi.
Due to this and the fact that Lakshmi is known to be Vishnu’s consort, the rest of the Indian regions celebrate Diwali as a festival related to Vaishnavism. They worship Goddess Maha Lakshmi as the supreme mother goddess presiding over them.
However, in the Eastern & Northeastern regions, with the Kalikuli Shakta faith being dominant, people worship Goddess Kali as she is the root of Kamalatmika. Apart from Durga Puja, Kali Puja is the 2nd biggest festival in West Bengal and Assam.
Kali Puja
On this day, devotees bring a clay statue/ idol (made of other materials) into their homes. After cleaning the place where it is going to be kept for the duration of the puja properly, the idols/ statues/ statuettes are installed in the place with abundant festive energy. The statues are cleansed and bathed with water or holy water is sprinkled if they are made of clay.
After that, it is decorated with red hibiscus flowers and a hibiscus garland, which are believed to be her favorite flower. Then, Kali puja is done in pandals with the help of Kali mantras and hymns, offering her prayers and invoking her divinity. If the puja is being held at home, Online Temple offers online puja booking services of Kali Puja, where the pujas are held through live meeting on Zoom video call on the devotee’s behalf.
The pandits of Online Temple have all the samagri ready for the puja and all that the devotees need to do is follow certain instructions, which are sent by Online Temple through e-mail. Once the puja has been conducted, Pushpaanjali is offered to the goddess and Bhog is next. Many delicacies are cooked as part of the Bhog, which after being offered to the goddess, is distributed amongst devotees.
Kali Puja Benefits
Eradicates suffering as a result of nefarious causes.
Destroys negative energies in and around the house.
Brings peace & prosperity to the household.
Protects from all evil forces against the devotee(s).
Increases health & mental relaxation of the devotee.
Amplifies wealth & removes debt and money troubles.
Kali Mantra
Bija Mantra:
Kreem
Simple Form Of Kali Mantra:
Om Kreem Kali
Kali Mantra:
Om Kring Kalikaye Namah
Simple Kali Mantra:
Om Sri Maha Kalikayai Namaha
Kalika-Yei Mantra:
Om Klim Kalika-Yei Namaha
The Fifteen Syllable Mantra:
Om Hrim Shreem Klim Adya Kalika Param Eshwari Swaha
Kali Mantra For Worship:
Kring Kring Kring Hing Kring Dakshine Kalike
Kring Kring Kring Hring Hring Hung Hung Swaha
Kali Gayatri:
Om Maha Kalyai
Ca Vidmahe Smasana Vasinyai
Ca Dhimahi Tanno Kali Prachodayat
Kali Chants:
Om Kali, Kali! Om Kali, Kali!
Namostute, namostute, namo!
Namostute, namostute, namo!
Ananda Ma Ananda Ma Kali
Ananda Ma Ananda Ma Kali
Ananda Ma Ananda Ma Kali
Om Kali Ma!
Dakshina Kali Dhyan Mantra/ Karpuradi Stotram:
Om karala-badanam ghoram mukta-keshim chatur-bhuryam.
kalikam dakshinam dibyam munda-mala bibhushitam
sadya-chinna shira kharga bama-dordha karambujam
abhayam baradan-chaiba dakshina-dardha panikam
Maha Kali Dhyanam:
Om khargang chakra-gadeshu-chapa-parighan shulang bhushundIng shirah shankhang sanda-dhatIng karistri-nayanang sarbanga-bhushabritam. nIlashma-dyutimasya pada-dashakang sebe maha kalikang yamastou-chhaite harou kamalajye hantung madhung kaitavam.
Kali Mantra Benefits
Receive sanctuary and blessings of Kali Maa.
Gets rid of the fear of death and accidents.
Improve knowledge & wisdom in oneself.
Rapid growth of spirituality in devotees.
Relief from all negative situations in life.
Enhances consciousness and positivity.
Kali Goddess: The Legend
The Hindu goddess Kali is the ultimate expression of nature, both destructive and benevolent. She protects her people against evil by doing what others cannot to protect those she loves. The Indian goddess Kali embodies the power of creation and destruction in one entity. She transcends good and evil. Kali is Mother Nature, primordial, nurturing, creating, and devouring all at once, always protecting her children from harm.
As the goddess, Kali Ma, Kali, goddess of death, is terrifying and amazing. At the same time, she is the most compassionate of the Hindu pantheon, vested in freeing humans and her fellow gods from what binds them and protecting them from what would harm them. While her destructive power is immense, she never harms the innocent, and her destruction allows for rebirth.
Who is Kali: What is in a Name
Kali is the feminine form of Kala, a Hindu word meaning both “black” and “time”. Kali exists outside of time, both before and after, and always. She is also outside of the constraints of good and evil, light and dark. The other names she is known by are exemplary of this relationship with time, blackness, and creation.
‘The force of time’
‘She who is time’
‘She who devours time’
‘She who is the Mother of time’
‘She who is black’
‘She who is black time’
‘Kali Ma
‘Mother Kali
‘Divine Mother
Kali History
Kali emerges around 1000 BCE. Mentioned initially in the Atharva Veda (circa 1200 to 1000 BCE), she was not the individual goddess known today. Instead, she was a black tongue, one of the seven tongues belonging to Agni, the god of fire. It was over 400 years before Kali emerged as a goddess in her own right.
Three origin stories describe how the Kali deity was born.
Markandeya Purana (250-550 CE)
In this text, Kali emerges as an aspect of the goddess Durga. Durga fought a battle between divine and anti-divine forces. Kali grew from her forehead because of her blood lust and wrath. In this version of Kali’s story, she is the powerful and forceful aspect of Durga.
Kali Goddess: The Symbol
Everything in Hindu iconography has symbolic significance.
Early visuals of Kali present her as an all-black, skeletal crone, representing her destructive side and her relationship to time. She is shown carrying the khatvanga, a type of staff topped with a skull and typically carried by shamans.
The Body and Imagery of Kali
The entirety of more recent representations of Kali’s image offers impressive examples of how symbolism is portrayed in the body and imagery. Her image represents the duality of her nature. For instance, she is shown killing (usually a demon) while smiling pleasantly. The following table shows Kali’s symbols and their meanings.
Kali Goddess: Contemporary Worship and Controversy
Kali has historically been loved and feared. Outside of the Thuggee cult, she was not significantly worshiped until the 17th century, in large part because her destructive aspects were greatly misunderstood.
The Origins And Myths Of Goddess Kali
Kali, in Hinduism, is the goddess of supreme power. She is the symbol of destruction and creation. Kali is the ultimate manifestation of Shakti. She is the fierce manifestation of the goddess Parvati. Her other names include Mahakali, Bhadrakali, or Kalika.
She is the goddess of war, anger, and time. As the embodiment of time, she represents a full circle of life. She is the feminine form of Kala (time), which is a form of Lord Shiva. She also is known to be the goddess of battlefields.
Kali represents the most basic desire, love. And also perfect eternal bliss, which in her case is Shiva, the eternal being’s presence. She is classified as a Nirguna. So, she has no permanent qualities, and she will continue to exist even when the universe ends.
Kali Origins
According to one legend, Kali was born from the sleeping body of Lord Vishnu. Vishnu was supposed to protect Lord Brahma and the world from the two demons Madhu and Kaitabha. She appeared as the goddess Yoga Nidra to wake him up. So, when Vishnu woke up, he waged war against both of them. After a long battle, two demons were still undefeated. So, Yoga Nidra took the form of Mahamaya to enchant and distract the two demons. They were enchanted by the beauty of Mahamaya, and in that time of their weakness, Vishnu killed them.
In one story, the mortal and immortal worlds were terrorized by the demon Daruka. He could only be killed by a woman. As a result, the gods requested that goddess Parvati kill the demon. She responded by jumping down Shiva’s throat. The poison present in Shiva’s throat combined with Parvati, and she transformed into Kali. Then, after coming out of Shiva’s throat, she immediately killed Daruka, and peace in the world was restored.
In another story, demons Chanda and Munda attacked goddess Durga. Goddess Durga responded with such anger that her face turned black, and Kali emerged from her forehead. She defeated both demons.
Once, Lord Shiva was laughing at the dark color of Parvati’s complexion as Durga. Irritated by his taunts, she went to do penance so that she could change her color. Pleased by her penance, Lord Brahma granted her a blessing. Goddess Parvati shed her dark cells and emerged fair-colored. The dark cells developed in the form of Kali and Parvati in her fair form, then known as Gauri.
Representation: A Fearsome Warrior
Goddess Kali is portrayed as having a dark blue complexion and being gaunt with sunken eyes. Her eyes are red with intoxication and anger. She wears a red sari and a garland of human heads (usually numbered 51 or 108). Her hair is disheveled, and her tongue is red and out. She sometimes has small fangs protruding out of her mouth. Her depiction is fierce but her face is shown as calm. This calmness signifies the goodness in her heart and in her deeds.
She is often portrayed with four arms. Her hands carry a sword, a trident, a severed head, and a skullcup. The sword signifies divine knowledge, and the human head symbolizes the human ego. It represents that the human ego must be slain by divine knowledge. Only in this manner can moksha be attained. She is also sometimes shown as the “ten-armed Mahakali.” As Mahakali, she has ten feet, ten heads, and three eyes on each head. These three eyes represent the sun, moon, and fire.
She wears a skirt made of human arms or sometimes tiger skin. A serpent and a jackal are also seen near her, while Lord Shiva stands calm. The serpents and jackals are shown drinking the blood of Rakt-Bheej’s head while the goddess carries it in her hand.
Legends Of Kali
The most popular legend has her assisting the goddess Durga in her attempt to kill the demon Mahishasura. Mahishasura was a half-buffalo demon. He got the boon from Lord Brahma that only a woman could kill her. When he began terrorizing the world, the gods sought the assistance of goddess Parvati. And from her, the goddess Durga was born. But as the demon was changing forms every time the goddess came near to kill him. So, she needed help, and Kali was said to be one of the goddesses who helped her in his defeat.
How Kali Got A Red Tongue
Another story tells us how her tongue got red. There was an asura lord named Shumbha who proposed to the goddess Ambika. She challenged him to show that he was stronger than her. To show this, Shumbha dispatched an army, but she and the goddess Kali (a form of Durga) killed the entire army.
Shumbha, now infuriated, concluded that she needed to be humbled. So he himself marched out in front of his large army. He showed a magnificent demonstration of strength. Goddess Ambika gave birth to a new goddess, Chandika, to oppose him and his army. Shumbha retaliated by surrounding Chandika. At this moment however, other gods and goddesses came to her rescue.
On seeing this, Shumbha released Rakt-Beej. Rakt-Beej was a boon given to him. According to this, if even a drop of blood from his body fell to the ground, another demon would emerge, fully formed and ready to battle. The clone’s blood also generated more clones. Thus, it made him unstoppable.
Chandika used a variety of weapons, but as blood streamed from his wounds, thousands of clones swarmed the battlefield. Chandika said to Kali that, in order to defeat him, not even a drop of blood should fall on the ground. So, Kali extended her tongue out and raced over the battleground. She captured every drop of blood that fell. Shumbha and his clones, now unable to expand any further, charged towards Chandika but died at her hands.
Kali And The Brahmin Monk
One story tells of the encounter between Goddess Kali and some thieves. The thieves wanted to make a human sacrifice in order to please her. But unfortunately, they chose a Brahmin monk for sacrifice. They took him to the nearest temple and started making preparations for the sacrifice. And finally, when they started to make sacrifices, the statue of Kali came to life. She was angry at the thieves for kidnapping the monk. She took revenge and decapitated all of them. The monk escaped and led his life as a scholar and devotee of the goddess.
Manifestations
Goddess Kali has different manifestations. They are more like different aspects of her nature.
Mahakali means “Great Kali” in Sanskrit. She is the greater form of Kali. She is associated with empowerment. Mahakali is portrayed with ten heads and represents the ten Mahavidyas (the great wisdom goddesses). She is the feminine form of Mahakala (the great time). Her consort is Lord Bhairava, the god of consciousness.
Dakshina Kali is the most popular form of Kali in Bengal, India. She is a benevolent being who shields people from misfortune. Her two right hands are shown in the gesture of blessing. This is her creative aspect. Yama (the Lord of Death) is said to have fled in death after hearing her name. So, her worship is said to be able to overcome death itself.
Samhara Kali is the embodiment of the power of destruction. She is the most dangerous and powerful form of Kali. She brings about death, and thus liberation. Her depiction as standing on a corpse and holding a freshly cut head She is mainly worshiped by warriors and tantrics.
Bhadra Kali is considered an auspicious and fortunate form of Mahakali. She protects the good. According to legend, she killed many demons, the most famous of which was Mahishasura. So, she is the symbol of fortitude as well as fierceness.
Raksha Kali is a local form of Kali, which is said to protect against epidemics and other natural disasters.
Devotion
Goddess Kali is considered by her devotees to be the mother of all living beings. Kali protects the innocent against oppression and injustice. She is also seen as a provider of moksha. She is worshiped as the ultimate reality.
Her worship is done not only to appease her but also to avoid her wrath. Worshipers offer her blood and sacrifice, which are considered important for her worship. Also, red millet is offered to her as her favorite food.
The goddess is worshiped in homes in the form of idols made of clay and also at night with tantric rites and mantras. She is said to release all karmic bondage, ignorance, and darkness. Moreover she helps her devotees realize the power of their inner selves. Kali is said to empower her worshipers by helping them face their fears. They become able to liberate themselves from unhealthy attachments and egoistic thoughts.
Colors
Blue or Black are the colors of the complexion of the goddess Kali. These signify the sky and the ocean. These colors also represent her as a transcendent power of time.
Red color is also sometimes attributed to her. Devotees offer saris of red color during puja.
Plants
Hibiscus: The hibiscus plant is associated with the goddess Kali. Through this plant, she is the manifestation of primordial energy. The petals have the unique ability to emit divine consciousness.
Narcissus: This plant represents the goddess Kali’s creativity, inner vision, and inspiration.
Animals
Tiger: Kali riding a tiger indicates that she possesses unlimited power and uses it to protect virtue.
Lion: The lion symbolizes uncontrolled animalistic tendencies such as anger and greed. Her sitting on the lion reminds us to control these qualities.
Perfumes/Scents
Jasmine: The jasmine scent associated with the goddess Kali brings pure light and joy. It is said to attract physical and spiritual love as well as bringing abundance and heightened spiritual awareness.
Dragon’s blood: It is associated with the fire element of the goddess Kali. It is used to clear negative energies and combat negativity.
Gems And Metals
Black Tourmaline: This stone shields from negative energy just as the goddess Kali does. It is considered to be highly protective against negative thoughts, too.
Smoky Quartz: This stone is said to complete the circuit between nature and man. They help send negative energy back to earth and recycle it for good.
Garnet: It is associated with the goddess Kali as it helps to feel safe and secure and brings a sense of calm.
Labradorite: It also clears the aura and is said to be a magic stone in this sense.
Goddess Jewelry
There are many reasons why you might want to keep a healing crystal or stone close to you. Getting closer to your goddess by wearing her color or crystal is a great one. That they also look great as jewelry only makes it so much better!
Here is a guide to crystal jewelry you hopefully will find helpful. In it is a list of 30+ crystals and links to some really great looking jewelry with that crystal or stone. Enjoy!
Planet
Saturn: Saturn is the planet associated with the goddess Kali. It represents her as she eliminates problems from our lives. For oppressors, she is the angry one, but for devotees, she has a very kind heart.
Embracing The Call Of Kali: Recognizing Her Presence And Cultivating A Sacred Connection
Have you ever felt a powerful transformation in your life and wondered if it’s more than just coincidence? For many spiritual seekers, the goddess Kali may be extending an invitation to connect. Discover how to recognize the signs of her calling, invoke her presence, and finally cultivate a meaningful relationship with this potent Hindu goddess.
How To Know If Kali Is Calling You
One way to recognize Kali’s call is through significant life changes. Encounters with transformation, rebirth, or endings may also be signs. Keep an eye out for any situations that challenge you, as Kali often communicates through experiences of growth and change.
Dreams and visions are another way Kali may reach out. Dreams featuring her or her symbols, like the garland of severed heads or a sword, can be significant. Similarly, visions of fierce energy or deep transformation might signal her presence.
Finally, pay attention to synchronicities in your life. Repeated encounters with her symbols, or a strong attraction to her stories and mythology, can indicate that Kali is calling you. These patterns may seem coincidental, but they’re worth noting.
Invoking Kali
To call upon Kali, start by selecting a quiet location or creating an indoor space inspired by the goddess. Incorporate her symbols, such as the garland of heads, a sword, or images of her into your chosen area. This will help establish a connection with the goddess.
During your ritual, light candles, particularly red or black, as they represent her fierce energy and transformative power. Offer symbols of Kali, such as flowers, tokens, or even written intentions. These offerings demonstrate your dedication and respect for her.
In meditation, focus on your breath and clear your mind. Visualize Kali, her symbols, and the energy she embodies. Quietly ask for her guidance, and be open to any insights that may arise during your meditation.
Signs That Kali Is Present
Recognizing when Kali is with you is essential to deepening your connection with her. The goddess often manifests her presence in various ways, from emotional sensations to visual cues. Here are six signs to help you identify when Kali is near:
Emotional sensations: Feelings of courage, transformation, or release can indicate her presence.
Physical reactions: Sudden warmth, tingling sensations, or goosebumps may signal she’s near.
Visual cues: Flashes of red or black light, shadows moving, or glimpses of her symbols can be signs.
Auditory cues: Hearing whispers, rustling leaves, or distant drums may suggest her presence.
Life occurrences: Unusual or transformative events, especially related to endings or rebirth, can be a signal.
Intuitive connection: A strong sense that Kali is with you, even if you can’t pinpoint why, can be a sign of her presence.
Cultivating A Relationship With Kali
To build a deeper connection with Kali, establish a consistent practice of meditation, prayer, or ritual to honor her. Make regular offerings, such as during the dark moon, to demonstrate your commitment to the goddess.
Embrace her values by fostering strength and resilience in your life. Seek out transformation and growth, as these aspects are central to her being. Also try to align your life with her principles to help deepen your connection to her.
Lastly, study her mythology and history. Read about Kali and her place in Hindu mythology, and engage with others who share your interest. By exchanging insights and experiences, you’ll develop a richer understanding of the goddess and strengthen your bond with her.
FAQs About Kali
What does the goddess Kali represent?
Kali is the goddess of war, destruction, fierceness, and strength.
Who is the goddess Kali’s consort?
Lord Shiva is the consort of goddess Kali, moreover she is the manifestation of goddess Parvati.
Is Kali a reincarnation of the goddess Parvati?
Kali is the manifestation of the goddess Parvati. She is said to have emerged from it.
Where is the goddess Kali’s abode?
Goddess Kali’s abode is said to be at the cremation grounds.